SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN

Abstract

Science is the outcome of a long historical process shaped by human thought within specific cultural and civilizational contexts. This study examines the historical development of science from Ancient Greece to the modern and contemporary periods, emphasizing paradigm shifts, methodological transformations, and cross-civilizational contributions. Employing a qualitative library research design, data were collected through systematic documentation of academic books and peer-reviewed journal articles and analyzed using descriptive-analytical and interpretative methods. The findings reveal that scientific development is not linear but evolves dynamically through the accumulation of rational inquiry, empirical observation, and paradigm revolutions. Islamic civilization is identified as a crucial intermediary linking Greek science to modern European science. The study concludes that science represents an ongoing and evolving civilizational process. Future research is recommended to investigate further the implications of the history of science for education and the advancement of scientific literacy.